Anga hanganga oumu/ōumu/oumu whakawaro:
Ko te oumu whakapūngao muka waro te nuinga o te hanganga o te oumu, te pūnaha whakamahana, te pūnaha whakahaere hau, te taputapu kukume me te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana.
Te hanganga taketake o te tinana oumu/ōumu/oumu whakawaro:
Ko te tinana o te oumu te anga o waho o te oumu whakapūkara, he mea hanga i te kowiri tira ātete pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei me ētahi pēhanga. Ka whakatakotoria hoki he paparanga whakamahana ki roto i te tinana o te oumu. Ko ngā rauemi whakamahana noa ko te muka uku, ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga wera. He rite ki te whakatakoto i tētahi koti mahana ki runga i te oumu, e kore e taea anake te whakarite kia pumau te pāmahana i roto i te oumu, engari ka karohia hoki ngā raruraru haumaru e puta mai ana i te pāmahana nui o waho. Ko ētahi oumu whakapūkara iti e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakamātautau he iti noa ngā tinana oumu, ā, ko te matotoru o te paparanga whakamahana he 5-10 cm pea; ko ngā oumu whakapūkara e whakamahia ana mō te whakaputanga ahumahi nui he nui ngā tinana oumu, ā, ko te matotoru o te paparanga whakamahana ka taea te neke atu i te 20 cm.
Te hanganga o te pūnaha whakamahana o te oumu/oumū/ōumu whakawaro:
Ko te pūnaha whakamahana te "ngākau" o te oumu whakawaro, e whakarato ana i te wera mō te tukanga whakawaro. Ko ngā tikanga whakamahana noa ko te whakamahana hiko me te whakamahana hau. Ko te whakamahana hiko te tikanga he whakamahi i te whakamahana waea ātete, ā, ka whakaritea te waea ātete kia ōrite ki roto i te oumu. I roto i ngā oumu whakawaro iti i roto i ngā taiwhanga, he mea tino noa te whakamahana waea ātete nā te mea he tika ake te whakahaere pāmahana. Ka whakaputahia te wera e te whakamahana hau mā te tahu hau māori, hau waro rānei. Ko ngā oumu whakawaro ahumahi nui e whakamahi ana i tēnei tikanga, ka taea te whakarato tere i te nui o te wera. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi wheketere nui e hanga ana i te muka waro, ka taea e te oumu whakawaro hau te kai i ngā tekau mita pūtoru o te hau māori ia hāora, ka tere te whakanui ake i te pāmahana i roto i te oumu ki te pāmahana teitei e hiahiatia ana mō te whakawaro.
Pūnaha whakahaere hau o te oumu/oumū/ōumu whakawaro:
Ko te pūnaha whakahaere hau te kawenga mō te whakauru i te hau tiaki ki roto i te oumu me te hau para e pau ana. Ko te hau tiaki he hauota, he argon rānei, ka ārai i te whakapūngao o te muka i te wā e whakapūngaohia ana. I mua i te tīmatanga o te oumu whakapūngao, ka whakaurua he nui o te hauota ki roto i te oumu hei whakaputa i te hau, hei hanga i tētahi taiao hau kore mahi. Me whakaputa wawe e te pūnaha whakaputa hau para ngā hau kino i puta i te wā e whakapūngaohia ana, pērā i te hauota hauhā me te hauhā hauhā. I ētahi wāhi he nui ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, ka whakauruhia hoki ki te pūnaha whakaputa hau para o te oumu whakapūngao he taputapu horoi hei rongoā i te hau para i mua i te tukunga atu.
Pūrere kukume o te oumu whakawaro/ōumu/oumu:
Ko te taputapu kukume he mea hei tuku i te rauemi muka kia neke i te tere ōrite i roto i te oumu kia ōrite ai te whakapūngao waro. Kei roto i tēnei he motuka, he whitiki tuku me te roera ārahi. Mā te motuka e akiaki te whitiki tuku kia huri, ā, mā te whitiki tuku e akiaki te roera ārahi kia huri, ā, ka piri te rauemi muka ki waenganui i te whitiki tuku me te roera ārahi, ka neke whakamua. I roto i te hanga tuturu, me whakarite te tere kukume kia rite ki te momo muka me te tukanga whakapūngao waro. Hei tauira, i te wa e hanga ana i te muka waro mahi-teitei, ka taea te whakahaere i te tere kukume i te torutoru mita ia meneti; i te wa e hanga ana i te muka waro noa, ka tere ake pea te tere, ka eke ki te neke atu i te tekau mita ia meneti.
Pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana o te oumu waro/oumū/oumu:
Ko te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana te mea nui hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakapūngao waro. Kei roto ko ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā taputapu whakatikatika whakamahana. Ka tohatohahia ngā pūoko pāmahana ki ngā tūranga rerekē o te tinana oumu hei aroturuki i te pāmahana i roto i te oumu i te wā tūturu. Ka whakataurite te kaiwhakahaere i te pāmahana tuturu e tukuna ana e te pūoko e ai ki te pihi pāmahana kua whakaritea, kātahi ka whakahaere i te taputapu whakatikatika whakamahana hei whakatikatika i te mana whakamahana. Hei tauira, ina kitea e te pūoko he iti iho te pāmahana i roto i te oumu i te uara kua whakaritea, ka tohutohu te kaiwhakahaere i te pūnaha whakamahana kia whakanuia te mana; ina tino teitei te pāmahana, ka whakaitihia te mana. I te wā o te tukanga whakapūngao waro, ka whakatauhia te pihi pāmahana mā roto i ngā whakamātautau anō. He rerekē ngā whakaritenga pāmahana i ngā wāhanga rerekē. Me tere te whakanui i te pāmahana i te wāhanga tuatahi, me pumau te pāmahana i te wāhanga waenga o te whakamahana, ā, me whakahaere hoki te tere o te whakamatao i te wāhanga o muri mai.
Hanganga tatau o te oumu/ōumu whakawaro:
Me hiri pai te tatau o te oumu kia kore ai e uru te wera me te hau. Ko te tatau o te oumu he hanganga paparua te nuinga, ko te paparanga o roto he mea ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, ā, ko te paparanga o waho he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira. He maha ngā huarahi hei hiri i te tatau o te oumu. Ko te mea tino noa ko te hiri mowhiti hiri rapa. Ka tāutahia he mowhiti hiri rapa ātete ki te pāmahana teitei ki te taha o te tatau o te oumu, ka taea te piri ki te tinana o te oumu ina kati te tatau. Ko ētahi oumu waro nui ka whakamahi i ngā taputapu hiri waipēhi hei pēhi piri i te tatau o te oumu mā roto i te pūnaha waipēhi, he pai ake te pānga hiri. I muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau o te oumu hei tango me te whakauru i ngā rauemi i ia wā, tirohia mēnā kei te ora tonu te mowhiti hiri, mēnā kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei.
Te whirihoranga pūnaha whakamatao o te oumu/ōumu/oumu whakawaro:
He tino teitei te pāmahana o te muka waro i muri i te whakapūtanga waro, ā, me whai pūnaha whakamatao hei whakamatao. E rua ngā pūnaha whakamatao: te whakamatao hau me te whakamatao wai. Ko te whakamatao hau he pupuhi i te hau ki te putanga o te oumu mā te pā hau hei tango i te wera o te muka waro. He tino māmā tēnei tikanga, engari he puhoi te tere whakamatao. Ko te whakamatao wai he whakatakoto i tētahi tāke whakamatao wai ki te putanga o te oumu, ā, ka tere te whakamatao o te muka waro ina haere mā roto i te tāke whakamatao wai. I roto i te whakaputanga nui, he maha ake te whakamahinga o te whakamatao wai, ka taea te whakaiti tere i te pāmahana o te muka waro mai i ngā rau nekehanga Celsius ki te pāmahana rūma. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi kamupene whakaputa muka waro, ka mau tonu te pāmahana wai o te tāke whakamatao wai ki te 20-30℃, ā, ka tangohia tonutia te wera e te wai e rere ana.
Hanganga tautoko o te oumu/oumū/ōumu whakawaro:
Me pumau te hanganga tautoko o te oumu whakawaro, ā, me kaha ki te pikau i te taumaha o te tinana oumu me ngā rauemi o roto. Ko te hanganga tautoko he mea whakarewa ki ngā wāhanga maitai, pērā i ngā wāhanga maitai nui āhua-H, he āhuatanga kaha teitei, he pumau hoki. I te wā e tāuta ana i te oumu/ōumu whakawaro, me tāuta te hanganga tautoko ki runga i te whenua papatahi, ā, me whakatikatika whakapae kia tika ai te tinana oumu. Ki te kore e pumau te hanganga tautoko, ā, e piko ana te tinana oumu, ka pā ki te nekehanga o te muka i roto i te oumu me te pānga whakawaro.
Ngā kaupapa matua mō te hanganga o te paparanga whakamarumaru:
Ka pā tika te kounga o te hanganga o te paparanga whakamarumaru ki te whakapaunga hiko o te oumu whakapūngao waro. Ina whakatakotoria ngā rauemi whakamarumaru pēnei i te huruhuru muka uku, kia tūpato ki te whakakī kia piri, kia kore he āputa. Mō ētahi kokonga me ngā hononga, me whakamahi he kāpia motuhake ātete pāmahana teitei hei hiri. I roto i te hanganga tūturu, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia e ngā kaimahi he paparanga pepa konumohe whakaata ki roto i te tinana oumu, kātahi ka whakakīia ki ngā rauemi whakamarumaru, ka taea ai te whakapai ake i te pānga whakamarumaru. Ka takai hoki ētahi wheketere i tētahi paparanga mata waea ki waho o te paparanga whakamarumaru hei ārai i te takanga o te rauemi whakamarumaru.
Ngā taputapu tiaki haumaru:
He maha ngā momo taputapu tiaki haumaru kei roto i te oumu/ōumu whakapūngao waro. Ka tangi te whakaoho i te taputapu whakaoho wera nui, ā, ka motu aunoa i te hiko whakamahana ina nui ake te pāmahana o te oumu i te uara haumaru kua whakaritea. Ka taea e te taputapu tiaki pēhanga te aroturuki i te pēhanga i roto i te oumu, ā, ka whakatuwhera aunoa i te takirere whakaora pēhanga ina tino teitei te pēhanga. Kei reira anō hoki he taputapu kimi turuturu hau. Kia kitea te turuturu hau tiaki, te turuturu hau putanga rānei, ka whakaoho tonu, ka tīmata te pūnaha hauhautanga. I roto i te awheawhe whakaputa, he rite ēnei taputapu tiaki haumaru ki ngā "kaitiaki" pono, e whakarite tonu ana i te haumaru o ngā taputapu me ngā kaimahi.
Hononga ki ētahi atu taputapu:
Kāore te oumu/ouma whakawaro muka waro e mahi motuhake, engari me hono atu ki ngā taputapu tukatuka muka i mua, me ngā taputapu tukatuka muri muka waro i muri. I mua i te urunga o te muka ki te oumu whakawaro, me whai i ngā tukanga tukatuka mua pērā i te tuhi me te whakahāngai mua; i muri i te whakawaro, me whai i ngā tukanga tukatuka muri pērā i te maimoatanga mata me te rahi. Nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i te oumu whakawaro, me whai whakaaro ki te hononga me te tukanga e ōrite ana ki ēnei taputapu. Hei tauira, me rite te tere kukume o te oumu whakawaro ki te tere tuku o ngā taputapu tukatuka mua kia pai ai te tukanga whakaputa.
